Herbarium LE - Specimens

Asclepiadaceae

Cerbera manghas L.

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Minh Chau Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Ba Mun protection sector|, Ba Mun Island, around point 21º04’33’’N 107º35’28’’E. Young secondary broad-leaved evergreen forest on rocky sandstone slope along seashore at 0–5 m a.s.l. Treelet 4-6 m tall in sublittoral not flooded zone along rocky seashore. Flowers white, in center reddish. Common.

20 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4397 (NHC190).

Convolvulaceae

Ipomoea sp.

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Minh Chau Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Ba Mun protection sector|, Ba Mun Island, around point 21º04’33’’N 107º35’28’’E. Young secondary broad-leaved evergreen forest on rocky sandstone slope along seashore at 0–5 m a.s.l. Herbaceous or semi-woody vine to 8 m long in sublittoral not flooded zone along rocky seashore. Flower buds yellowish. Common.

20 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4396 (NHC189).

Euphorbiaceae

(Dark green leaves, male only)

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Minh Chau Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Ba Mun protection sector|, Ba Mun Island, around point 21º04’33’’N 107º35’28’’E. Young secondary broad-leaved evergreen forest on rocky sandstone slope along seashore at 0–5 m a.s.l. Sublittoral evergreen treelet or shrub to 2 m tall along rocky seashore in not flooded zone with dark green leaves. Male flowers yellowish-green. Very common.

19 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4395 (NHC188).

Euphorbiaceae

(Red leaves, male, female)

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Minh Chau Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Ba Mun protection sector|, Ba Mun Island, around point 21º04’33’’N 107º35’28’’E. Young secondary broad-leaved evergreen forest on rocky sandstone slope along seashore at 0–5 m a.s.l. Sublittoral semideciduous treelet or shrub to 2 m tall along rocky seashore in not flooded zone with old leaves orange-red to bright red. Male young flower buds and fruits light green. Very common.

19 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4394 (NHC187).

Gnetaceae

Gnetum gnemon L.

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Minh Chau Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Ba Mun protection sector|, Ba Mun Island, around point 21º04’33’’N 107º35’28’’E. Young secondary broad-leaved evergreen forest on rocky sandstone slope along seashore at 0–5 m a.s.l. Tree to 15 m tall and 30 cm DBH. Occasional, commonly at elevation 50-150 m a.s.l.

19 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4393 (NHC186).

Moraceae

Artocarpus sp.

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Minh Chau Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Ba Mun protection sector|, Ba Mun Island, around point 21º04’33’’N 107º35’28’’E. Young secondary broad-leaved evergreen forest on rocky sandstone slope along seashore at 0–5 m a.s.l. Tree about 10 m tall. Young fruits white to paly yellow, edible. Not rare.

19 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4392 (NHC185).

Anacardiaceae

Spondias sp.?

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Minh Chau Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Ba Mun protection sector|, Ba Mun Island, around point 21º04’33’’N 107º35’28’’E. Young secondary broad-leaved evergreen forest on rocky sandstone slope along seashore at 0–5 m a.s.l. Tree about 10 m tall. Young fruits dark green. Not rare.

19 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4391 (NHC184).

Zingiberaceae

Alpinia sp.

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Minh Chau Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Ba Mun protection sector|, Ba Mun Island, around point 21º04’33’’N 107º35’28’’E. Young secondary broad-leaved evergreen forest on rocky sandstone slope along seashore at 0–5 m a.s.l. Terrestrial herb to 1 m tall in open place along rocky stream. Floral bracts and flowers white, central tepal yellow with red speckles. Locally common.

19 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4390 (NHC183).

Loganiaceae

Strychnos sp.

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Van Yen Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Cai Lim protection sector|, Yang Nuoc Xanh Island, around point 21º05’03’’N 107º32’42’’E. Open broad-leaved evergreen forest and scrub on steep slopes and cliffs composed by solid highly eroded limestone at elevation about 70 m a.s.l. Scandent shrub or woody vine to 3 m long. Fruits globular to 4 cm in diameter. Not common.

18 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4389 (NHC182).

Menispermaceae

Stephania sp.

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Van Yen Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Cai Lim protection sector|, Yang Nuoc Xanh Island, around point 21º05’03’’N 107º32’42’’E. Open broad-leaved evergreen forest and scrub on steep slopes and cliffs composed by solid highly eroded limestone at elevation about 70 m a.s.l. Herbaceous vine to 2-3 m long. Flowers dull yellowish to dirty purple. Not rare.

18 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4388 (NHC181).

Oleaceae?

Jasminum sp.?

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Van Yen Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Cai Lim protection sector|, Yang Nuoc Xanh Island, around point 21º05’03’’N 107º32’42’’E. Open broad-leaved evergreen forest and scrub on steep slopes and cliffs composed by solid highly eroded limestone at elevation about 70 m a.s.l. Shrub to 2 m tall on steep slope. Flower buds light green. Occasional.

18 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4387 (NHC180).

Apocynaceae

Cynanchum or Periploca sp.?

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Van Yen Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Cai Lim protection sector|, Yang Nuoc Xanh Island, around point 21º05’03’’N 107º32’42’’E. Open broad-leaved evergreen forest and scrub on steep slopes and cliffs composed by solid highly eroded limestone at elevation about 70 m a.s.l. Scandent shrub to 2 m tall on steep slope. Flowers yellowish-green. Common.

18 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4386 (NHC179).

Meliaceae

Walsura sp.?

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Van Yen Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Cai Lim protection sector|, Yang Nuoc Xanh Island, around point 21º05’03’’N 107º32’42’’E. Open broad-leaved evergreen forest and scrub on steep slopes and cliffs composed by solid highly eroded limestone at elevation about 70 m a.s.l. Tree to 6-8 m tall on steep slope. Flowers white. Common.

18 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4385 (NHC178).

Violaceae

Rinorea sp.

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Van Yen Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Cai Lim protection sector|, Yang Nuoc Xanh Island, around point 21º05’03’’N 107º32’42’’E. Open broad-leaved evergreen forest and scrub on steep slopes and cliffs composed by solid highly eroded limestone at elevation about 70 m a.s.l. Small tree to 5-6 m tall. Flowers light greenish. Not common.

18 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4384 (NHC177).

Apocynaceae

Wrightia arborea (Dennst.) Mabb.?

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Van Yen Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Cai Lim protection sector|, Yang Nuoc Xanh Island, around point 21º05’03’’N 107º32’42’’E. Open broad-leaved evergreen forest and scrub on steep slopes and cliffs composed by solid highly eroded limestone at elevation about 70 m a.s.l. Small tree to 5-6 m tall, flowers orange-red. Not rare.

18 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4383 (NHC176).

Balsaminaceae

Impatiens verrucifer Hook.f.

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Minh Chuu Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Ba Mun protection sector, Mang Ha Island, around point 21º05’92’’N 107º34’99’’E. Open broad-leaved evergreen forest and scrub on steep slopes and cliffs composed by solid highly eroded limestone at elevation about 20 m a.s.l. Erect lithophytic herb with succulent (bottle-like) stem to 0.5 m tall branching at the apex on exposed cliff. Flowers pink to light purple. Common.

18 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4382 (NHC175).

Sterculiaceae

Heritiera littoralis Aiton

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Minh Chuu Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Ba Mun protection sector, Mang Ha Island, around point 21º05’92’’N 107º34’99’’E. Open broad-leaved evergreen forest and scrub on steep slopes and cliffs composed by solid highly eroded limestone at elevation about 20 m a.s.l. Treelet 4-5 m on exposed cliff. Common.

18 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4381 (NHC174).

Sterculiaceae

Sterculia parviflora (Ducke) E.L.Taylor?

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Minh Chuu Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Ba Mun protection sector, Mang Ha Island, around point 21º05’92’’N 107º34’99’’E. Open broad-leaved evergreen forest and scrub on steep slopes and cliffs composed by solid highly eroded limestone at elevation about 20 m a.s.l. Treelet 4-5 m on exposed cliff. Common.

18 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4380 (NHC173).

Sterculiaceae

Sterculia parviflora (Ducke) E.L.Taylor,

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Minh Chuu Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Ba Mun protection sector, Mang Ha Island, around point 21º05’92’’N 107º34’99’’E. Open broad-leaved evergreen forest and scrub on steep slopes and cliffs composed by solid highly eroded limestone at elevation about 20 m a.s.l. Treelet 3-4 m on exposed cliff. Common.

18 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4379 (NHC172).

Gesneriaceae

Primulina drakei (B.L.Burtt) Mich.Möller & A.Weber

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Minh Chuu Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Ba Mun protection sector, Mang Ha Island, around point 21º05’92’’N 107º34’99’’E. Open broad-leaved evergreen forest and scrub on steep slopes and cliffs composed by solid highly eroded limestone at elevation about 20 m a.s.l. Rosulate herb with succulent stem to 0.5 m tall on exposed cliff. Flowers dark purple-violet. Locally common.

18 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4378 (NHC171).

Asclepiadaceae

Dischidia sp.

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Van Yen Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Cai Lim protection sector|, around point 21º06’30’’N 107º34’42’’E. Young secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest along sea shore on limestone. Herbaceous vine to 1 m long on exposed rocks and vertical cliffs. Occasional.

17 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4373 (NHC173).

Asclepiadaceae

Dischidia sp.

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Van Yen Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Cai Lim protection sector|, around point 21º06’30’’N 107º34’42’’E. Young secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest along sea shore on limestone. Herbaceous vine to 1.5 m long on exposed rocks and vertical cliffs. Occasional.

17 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4372 (NHC172).

Asclepiadaceae

Hoya sp.

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Van Yen Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Cai Lim protection sector|, around point 21º06’30’’N 107º34’42’’E. Young secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest along sea shore on limestone. Herbaceous vine to 3 m long on exposed rocks and vertical cliffs. Locally very common. Flowers white, corona red in center.

17 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4371 (NHC171).

Orchidaceae

Liparis distans C.B.Clarke

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Van Yen Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Cai Lim protection sector|, around point 21º06’30’’N 107º34’42’’E. Young secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest with bamboo on steep sandstone and limestone slope at elevation about 80-150 m a.s.l. along forest trail. Clustering herb on shady steep rocky slope. Not common.

17 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4370 (NHC170).

Gesneriaceae

Primulina drakei (B.L.Burtt) Mich.Möller & A.Weber

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Van Yen Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Cai Lim protection sector|, around point 21º06’30’’N 107º34’42’’E. Young secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest with bamboo on steep sandstone and limestone slope at elevation about 80-150 m a.s.l. along forest trail. Herbaceous plant with branching succulent stem to 0.5 m tall on open steep rocky slope. Not rare.

17 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4369 (NHC169).

Gesneriaceae

Primulina gemella (D.Wood) Yin Z.Wang

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Van Yen Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Cai Lim protection sector|, around point 21º06’30’’N 107º34’42’’E. Young secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest with bamboo on steep sandstone and limestone slope at elevation about 80-150 m a.s.l. along forest trail. Herbaceous rosulate herb on open steep rocky slope. Flowers white. Not common.

17 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4368 (NHC168).

Asclepiadaceae

Hoya parasitica (Wall. ex Hornem.) Wight?

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Van Yen Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Cai Lim protection sector|, around point 21º06’30’’N 107º34’42’’E. Young secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest with bamboo on steep sandstone and limestone slope at elevation about 80-150 m a.s.l. along forest trail. Herbaceous to semi-woody vine 3-4 m long on open rocky slope. Flowers white. Locally common.

17 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4367 (NHC167).

Rutaceae

Melicope sp.?

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Van Yen Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Cai Lim protection sector|, around point 21º06’30’’N 107º34’42’’E. Young secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest with bamboo on steep sandstone and limestone slope at elevation about 80-150 m a.s.l. along forest trail. Treelet 3-4 m tall on open rocky slope. Flowers white. Not common.

17 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4366 (NHC166).

Moraceae

Ficus sp.

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Van Yen Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Cai Lim protection sector|, around point 21º06’30’’N 107º34’42’’E. Young secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest with bamboo on steep sandstone and limestone slope at elevation about 80-150 m a.s.l. along forest trail. Treelet to 5 m tall on open rocky slope. Syconia greenish to pink-purple. Not common.

17 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4365 (NHC165).

Annonaceae

Mitrephora maingayi Hook.f. & Thomson

Quang Ninh Province, Van Don District, Van Yen Commune, Bai Tu Long National Park, Cai Lim protection sector|, around point 21º06’30’’N 107º34’42’’E. Young secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest with bamboo on steep sandstone and limestone slope at elevation about 80-150 m a.s.l. along forest trail. Treelet to 3 m tall on shady rocky slope. Flowers white. Not common.

17 May 2025, Cuong Huu Nguyen, Ha Van Dang, Ly Van Nguyen, Nam Van Duong, Tuan Thanh Tran, Hai Xuan Cao, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL4364 (NHC164).

Orchidaceae

Vanilla aphylla Blume

Dak Lak Province, Lak District, Krong No Municipality, around point 12.1408 N 108.1325 E.

Dry evergreen broad-leaved secondary forest on hill slopes composed with granite at elevation 800–900 m a.s.l.

Epiphytic vine on small trees in dray secondary scrub on exposed granite cliffs along stream canyon. Locally common.

24 November 2022, L. Averyanov, Nguyen Van Canh, T. Maisak, Truong Ba Vuong, et al., AL 1754.

Fowered in cult. on 18 June 2025, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL1754.

All photos © - L. Averyanov

Orchidaceae

Paphiopedilum emersonii Koop. & P.J.Cribb

Vietnam sine loc., sine date, sine coll.

Flowered in cultivation on 18 June 2025, L. Averyanov, AL4439.

Fam. Orchidaceae

Paphiopedilum concolor (Bateman) Pfitzer

N. Vietnam, prov. Son La, distr. Moc Chau, municipality Chieng Hac, vicinities of Co Liu village (N 20º51' E 104º38'). Remnants of primary evergreen broadleaved forests on vertical limestone bluffs along Xap river canyon at 550-600 m elev. Lithophyte forb on shady vertical limestone cliffs of N exposition. Flowers dull yellow; tepals and lip inside with few sparsely purple smallest dots. Leaves pale green with fine white tessellation above, dirty purple-violet spotted below. Not rare on inaccessible vertical bluffs.

No NTH 2922 28 May 1999.

Collectors: N.T.Hiep, P.H.Hoang, Averyanov L.

Flowered in cultivation on 18 June 2025, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, NTH2922.

All photos © - L. Averyanov

Orchidaceae

Flickingeria parishii Seidenf.

Laos.

03 April 2015, T. Maisak, TM1252.

Flowered in cultivation on 18 June 2025, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, TM1252.

Orchidaceae

Flickingeria sp.

Dak Nong Province, Dak Song District, Nam Nung Nature Reserve around point 12.1200N 107.4233E.

Fractionally logged primary evergreen broad-leaved and mixed forest with Dacrydium, Dacrycarpus and Pinus latteri on granite at elevation about 900 m a.s.l. Epiphyte on tall tree. Not rare.

27 November 2022, L. Averyanov, Nguyen Van Canh, T. Maisak, Truong Ba Vuong, Nguyen Quoc Bao, AL 1833.

Flowered in cultivation on 17 June 2025, L. Averyanov, AL1833.