Herbarium LE - Specimens

FLORA OF VIETNAM Convallariaceae Aspidistra lubae Aver. et Tillich var. lancifolia Aver. et Tillich Type Hoa Binh Prov., Lac Son Distr., Tu Do Municipality, Mon village, around point 20°25’29”N 105°19’36”E. Primary broadleaved forest on steep rocky slopes of remnant mountain composed with solid crystalline highly eroded limestone at elevation about 500-700 m a.s.l. Terrestrial herb in shady place. Not rare. CPC 1566a/sp.4 25 March 2011. Coll.: L.Averyanov, T.Maisak, L.Osinovetz et al.

FLORA OF VIETNAM Convallariaceae Aspidistra lubae Aver. et Tillich var. lancifolia Aver. et Tillich Type Hoa Binh Prov., Lac Son Distr., Tu Do Municipality, Mon village, around point 20°25’29”N 105°19’36”E. Primary broadleaved forest on steep rocky slopes of remnant mountain composed with solid crystalline highly eroded limestone at elevation about 500-700 m a.s.l. Terrestrial herb in shady place. Not rare. CPC 1566a/sp.4 25 March 2011. Coll.: L.Averyanov, T.Maisak, L.Osinovetz et al. Fl. under cultivation at November 2013. Perianth white with dirty purple-violet marking, dark dirty violet inside, stigma white to light yellowish, filaments white, anthers light yellowish. Photos. P. Efimov.

FLORA OF LAOS Convallariaceae Aspidistra laotica A Aver. et Tillich Type Vientiane Prov., Vang Vieng Distr., Nam Pe village, about 12 km to the W of Vang Vieng town, around point 18°58’41.0”N 102°18’54.1”E. Dry broad-leaved primary and secondary evergreen and semideciduous forest on very steep rocky slopes and on vertical cliffs of remnant highly eroded rocky limestone mountains composed by solid crystalline limestone at elevation 500-1000 m. Terrestrial herb in shady rocky place. Leaves dark uniform green. Flower buds yellowish-white, purple stripped. Fruits globular, 1 cm in diam., dirty purple, rugose. Very common at 300-500 m. LA-VN 554 18 March 2013 Coll.: N.T.Hiep, L.Averyanov, K.Chantthavongsa, N.S.Khang, P.V.The, S.Lorphengsy Flowered under cultivation at June 2013. Tube white; free parts of tepals black; anthers dull yellowish, stigma dark brown, style white; ovary and pedicel light greenish. d-EXSICCATES OF VIETNAMESE FLORA 0216/LA-VN 554 & 554a (LE) © L.Averyanov

FLORA OF VIETNAM Aspidistra dodecandra (Gagnep.) Tillich (Evrardiella dodecandra Gagnep.) Khanh Hoa province, Khanh Vinh district, evergreen broad-leaved submontane forest at elevation 850 m. 28 September - 17 October 2017, P.V. The et al. Received by L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL 288. Herbarium sheet, living plant, photos.

FLORA OF VIETNAM Convallariaceae Aspidistra bifolia Aver., Tillich et K.S.Nguyen Type Son La Prov., Moc Chau Distr., Chieng Son comm., about 1 km to NE from Chieng Son Village, around point 20°46’02.0N 104°37’03.1E. Remnants of primary broad-leaved evergreen forest on tops of hills composed with karstic highly eroded yellow-white limestone at elevation 1150-1250 m a.s.l. Terrestrial herb with long underground rhizome in shady rocky place. Flowers white with fine purple marks. Fruits white later dirty purple-brownish wit green tint. Locally very common. 27 September 2016 CPC 8057 Photos (living plants) Coll.: L.Averyanov, N.T.Hiep, N.S.Khang, C.Q.Ngan, T.V.Maisak, N.T.Son. d-EXSICCATES OF VIETNAMESE FLORA 0263/CPC 8057 © @ L.Averyanov

FLORA OF VIETNAM

FLORA OF VIETNAM. Fam. Convallariaceae. Tupistra sp. N.Vietnam, Cao Bang Prov., Trung Khanh Distr., Ngoc Khe Municipality, Pac Nga village, around point 22°54'59"N, 106°31'44"E, at elevation 700-800 m a.s.l. Closed secondary and remnants of primary broad-leaved evergreen forest on very steep rocky slopes of rocky ridges and mesae composed with light gray solid marble-like highly eroded crystalline limestone. Lithophytic herb on mossy exposed rocks. Not common. No HAL 5696 12 June 2004. . Collectors: L.Averyanov, P.K.Loc, P.V.The, N.T.Vinh.

FLORA OF VIETNAM

FLORA OF VIETNAM Convallariaceae Tupistra theana Aver. Paratype Quang Binh Prov., Minh Hoa Distr., Thuong Hoa municipality, around point 17°41’28”N 105°53’42.7”E. Primary closed evergreen broad-leaved forest on rocky very steep cliffy slope of remnant mountain composed with solid crystalline limestone at elevation about 700 m a.s.l. near to the top of mountain. Lithophyte herb on vertical shady cliffs. Fruits dark green, 1 or 2-seeded. Locally common. CPC 3952 5 August 2011 Coll.: N.T.Hiep, L.Averyanov, N.S.Khang, N.Q.Vinh, N.V.Tap, P.V.The, L.T.Kien.

FLORA OF VIETNAM. Convallariaceae. Tupistra wattii. Dien Bien Prov., Muong Cha Distr., Hua Ngai Municipality, Ha La Chu Village, around point 21°53'46"N 103°10'17"E. Highly degraded primary evergreen broadleaved humid forest on very steep slopes of remnant mountains composed with solid limestone at elevation 1100-1400 m a.s.l. Terrestrial and lithophytic herb to 0.5 m tall on shady rocky slope. Flowers dull orange. Common. CPC 1937 07 April 2011. Coll.: L.Averyanov, P.K.Loc, N.Q.Hieu, N.T.Vinh.

FLORA OF LAOS Convallariaceae Tupistra muricata (Gagnep.) N.Tanaka Vientiane prov., Kasi distr., Si Sang Vone village, around point 19°06'10.9''N 102°10'46.1''E. Secondary and primary evergreen dry forest on very steep rocky mountain slopes composed by solid marble like highly eroded limestone at elev. 600-750 m a.s.l. Terrestrial herb on shady rocky slope. Fruits globular, dirty green to dirty violet. Locally common. LA-VN 1822 28 March 2017 Coll.: L.Averyanov, N.T.Hiep, N.S.Khang, C.Q.Ngan, T.Maisak, Khamla Inkhavilay, Hongthong Southyvohanh, Pinmany Sisavath, Chanthala Cheuaysamphanh.

FLORA OF LAOS. Convallariaceae. Tupistra muricata (Gagnep.) N.Tanaka. Vientiane prov., Vang Vieng distr., Oa Hom village, around point 19°06'52.4"N 102°22'35.8"E. Secondary broad-leaved evergreen and semideciduous dry forest with on very steep rocky mountain slopes composed by solid marble like highly eroded limestone at elev. 550-650 m a.s.l. Terrestrial herb on shady rocky steep slope. Fruits globular, dirty green with violet tint. Locally common. LA-VN 1517 22 March 2017. Coll.: L.Averyanov, N.T.Hiep, N.S.Khang, C.Q.Ngan, T.Maisak, Khamla Inkhavilay, Hongthong Southyvohanh, Pinmany Sisavath, Chanthala Cheuaysamphanh.

FLORA OF VIETNAM Convallariaceae Aspidistra lubae Aver. et Tillich var. lancifolia Aver. et Tillich Type Hoa Binh Prov., Lac Son Distr., Tu Do Municipality, Mon village, around point 20°25’29”N 105°19’36”E. Primary broadleaved forest on steep rocky slopes of remnant mountain composed with solid crystalline highly eroded limestone at elevation about 500-700 m a.s.l. Terrestrial herb in shady place. Not rare. CPC 1566a/sp.4 25 March 2011. Coll.: L.Averyanov, T.Maisak, L.Osinovetz et al.

FLORA OF VIETNAM Aspidistra heterocarpa Aver., Tillich & V.T. Pham var. echinata T.A.Le, Aver. & Tillich Thua Thien - Hue province, Nam Dong district, Thuong Quang commune, around point 16°07’28.5”N 107°35’52.9”E, primary and secondary evergreen broad-leaved lowland forest at elevation 500-550 m a.s.l., terrestrial herb on shady reclined slope, not common, 10 November 2017, Le Tuan Anh, Nguyen Thi Lien Thuong, LTA101. d-EXSICCATES OF VIETNAMESE FLORA 0295/LTA101 © Le Tuan Anh & L.Averyanov.

FLORA OF VIETNAM Convallriaceae Aspidistra elatior Blume var. vietnamensis Aver. et H.-J. Tillich var. nov. Type Quang Nam Prov., Dong Giang Distr., Ma Cooih Municipality around point 15°58’11”N 107°40’15”E. Remnants of primary closed evergreen broad-leaved forests on very steep slopes of hill composed with solid highly eroded limestone at elevation 450-500 m a.s.l. Terrestrial herb on steep shady slope. Leaves with numerous small yellow spots. Locally very common. HAL 12116a 9 January 2009 Coll.: L.Averyanov, P.K.Loc, P.V.The, N.T.Vinh Flowered under cultivation at 10 July 2011. Flowers odorless, dark dirty purple, tepal apices dull whitish. Photos. L.Averyanov, HAL 12116. Type.

FLORA OF VIETNAM Aspidistra dodecandra (Gagnep.) Tillich (Evrardiella dodecandra Gagnep.) Khanh Hoa province, Khanh Vinh district, evergreen broad-leaved submontane forest at elevation 850 m. 28 September - 17 October 2017, P.V. The et al. Received by L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL 288. Herbarium sheet, living plant, photos.

FLORA OF VIETNAM Convallariaceae Aspidistra bifolia Aver., Tillich et K.S.Nguyen Type Son La Prov., Moc Chau Distr., Chieng Son comm., about 1 km to NE from Chieng Son Village, around point 20°46’02.0N 104°37’03.1E. Remnants of primary broad-leaved evergreen forest on tops of hills composed with karstic highly eroded yellow-white limestone at elevation 1150-1250 m a.s.l. Terrestrial herb with long underground rhizome in shady rocky place. Flowers white with fine purple marks. Fruits white later dirty purple-brownish wit green tint. Locally very common. 27 September 2016 CPC 8057 Photos (living plants) Coll.: L.Averyanov, N.T.Hiep, N.S.Khang, C.Q.Ngan, T.V.Maisak, N.T.Son. d-EXSICCATES OF VIETNAMESE FLORA 0263/CPC 8057 © @ L.Averyanov

FLORA OF VIETNAM. Fam. Convallariaceae. Rohdea wattii (C.B.Clarke) Yamashita & M.N.Tamura. Northern Vietnam, Lao Cai Prov., Van Ban Distr., Khanh Yen Ha. municipality, to the SW of Na Nheo village (in the vicinity of point. 21°57'34"N, 104°13'49"E). Primary evergreen broad-leaved wet montane. forest with Fokienia hodginsii on steep granite and quartzite slopes. of SW exposition at elev. 1800-1900 m a.s.l. Terrestrial and. lithophytic herb up to 0.4 m hg on steep shady slope. Flowers bright. green. Common. No HAL 2474 (Photo)  18 March 2002. . Collectors: L.Averyanov, P.K.Loc, D.T.Doan (FFI Project).

FLORA OF VIETNAM. Fam. Liliaceae s.l. (Convallariaceae). Tupistra wattii. N.Vietnam, Bac Kan Prov., Cho Don Distr., Ban Thi Municipality,. village Phia Khao, around point 22°15'35"N, 105°31'17"E at elevation. 800-900 m a.s.l. Remnants of primary broad-leaved evergreen closed wet forest on very. steep slopes and cliffs of rocky ridges and mesae composed with solid. marble-like stratified limestone. Terrestrial creeping herb on steep slope. Flowers yellowish. Very. common. No HAL 4635 19 May 2004. . Collectors: L.Averyanov, N.T.Hiep, P.V.The, N.T.Vinh.

FLORA OF LAOS Convallariaceae Tupistra muricata (Gagnep.) N.Tanaka Vientiane Prov., Kasi Distr., Tam Tai village, about 10 km to the NW of Kasi town (19°12'57"N 102°14'59"E). Remnants of primary and secondary broad-leaved evergreen forest on very steep rocky slopes of remnant mountain composed with highly eroded solid crystalline limestone at elevation 500-650 m. Terrestrial herb with erect thick stem to 0.5 m tall on shady rocky slope. Old flowers almost black. Not rare. LA-VN 756 24 March 2013 Coll.: L.Averyanov, N.S.Khang, S.Lorphengsy

FLORA OF LAOS Convallariaceae Tupistra muricata (Gagnep.) N.Tanaka Luang Prabang prov., Ngoy distr., Don Khun village, near waterfall, around point 20°31'36.9''N 102°35'15.8''E. Remnants of primary evergreen forest on very steep rocky mountain slopes composed by solid marble like highly eroded limestone at elev. 450-550 m a.s.l. along mountain stream. Terrestrial rosulate herb on shady rocky stream slope. Fruits globular, dirty violet. Occasional. LA-VN 2016 2 April 2017 Coll.: L.Averyanov, N.T.Hiep, N.S.Khang, C.Q.Ngan, T.Maisak, Vichith Lamxay, Koudkeo Phommachanh, Phizar Sayalath, Keooudone Souvannakhoummane.

FLORA OF LAOS Convallariaceae Tupistra muricata aff. Luang Prabang prov., Pon Xay distr., along the way to Bane Phou Souong village, Pha Hiua Bin Toc Mountain, around point 19°57'37.0''N 102°25'03.0''E. Degraded primary evergreen and semideciduous forest on very steep rocky mountain slopes composed by solid marble like highly eroded limestone at elev. 600-850 m a.s.l. Terrestrial rosulate herb on shady steep rocky mountain slope. Fruits globulat dirty violet. Common. LA-VN 2136 5 April 2017 Photos Coll.: L.Averyanov, N.T.Hiep, N.S.Khang, C.Q.Ngan, T.Maisak, Vichith Lamxay, Koudkeo Phommachanh, Phizar Sayalath, Keooudone Souvannakhoummane.

FLORA OF LAOS Convallariaceae Tupistra muricata (Gagnep.) N.Tanaka Xiangkhouang Prov., Kham Distr., Huad village, Phou tat Vinh mt., around point 19°32'31.6'N 103°39'40.4'E. Primary and secondary broad-leaved evergreen and semideciduous dry forest on very steep rocky slopes of limestone highly eroded mountains composed by solid marble like limestone at elev. 1200-1400 m a.s.l. Terrestrial herb on mountain slope. Locally very common. Fruits almost black. LA-VN 1041 4 April 2015. Coll.: N.T.Hiep, L.Averyanov, N.S.Khang, N.Q.Hieu, T.Maisak, Pheng Phengsintham. Living specimen: LA-VN 1041 / TM 1268 / garden no 15168, flowered 6 Dec. 2017 Coll. in garden in 6 Dec. 2017, by L. Averyanov, photos.

FLORA OF LAOS Convallariaceae Tupistra laotica N.Tanaka? Vientiane prov., Kasi distr., Si Sang Vone village, around point 19°06'10.9''N 102°10'46.1''E. Secondary broad-leaved evergreen dry forest on very steep rocky mountain slopes composed by solid marble like highly eroded limestone at elev. 600-700 m a.s.l. Terrestrial herb on steep shady rocky slope. Fruits glossy green. Locally common. LA-VN 1795 28 March 2017 Photos Coll.: L.Averyanov, N.T.Hiep, N.S.Khang, C.Q.Ngan, T.Maisak, Khamla Inkhavilay, Hongthong Southyvohanh, Pinmany Sisavath, Chanthala Cheuaysamphanh.

FLORA OF VIETNAM Convallariaceae Tupistra longispica Y.Wan & X.H.Lu Dien Bien Prov., Dien Bien Distr., Muong Phang Municipality. Heavily logged primary closed evergreen broad-leaved submontane forest on shaly hills. Clustering rosulate herb in shady slope. Flowers white, anthers yellow, flower buds with pink tint. Common. CPC 857 11 December 2010 Photos Coll.: L.Averyanov, P.K.Loc, P.V.The, N.T.Vinh.

FLORA OF LAOS Convallariaceae Tupistra muricata (Gagnep.) N.Tanaka Xiangkhouang Prov., Kham Distr., Huad village, Phou tat Vinh mt., around point 19°32'31.6'N 103°39'40.4'E. Primary and secondary broad-leaved evergreen and semideciduous dry forest on very steep rocky slopes of limestone highly eroded mountains composed by solid marble like limestone at elev. 1200-1400 m a.s.l. Terrestrial herb on mountain slope. Locally very common. Fruits almost black. LA-VN 1041 4 April 2015. Coll.: N.T.Hiep, L.Averyanov, N.S.Khang, N.Q.Hieu, T.Maisak, Pheng Phengsintham. Living specimen: LA-VN 1041 / TM 1268 / garden no 15168, flowered 6 Dec. 2017 Coll. in garden in 6 Dec. 2017, by L. Averyanov, photos.

FLORA OF VIETNAM. Plants of Lai Chau Prov. Convallariaceae. Tupistra albiflora K. Larsen. Lai Chau Prov., Sin Ho Distr., Phin Ho Mun., Ta Genh vill., around point 22?28'31'' N, 103?16'53'' E, 1000 m. Foots of limestone mountains. Perennial herb, in soil pockets between rocks. Occasionally common. Fruits old.  . HAL 8765  11 Jun 2006 Photos. Collectors: P.K. Loc, N.T. Vinh, N.S. Khang and P.N. Quan. Collected with the financial support from the Program of Basic Researchs in Life Sciences, Vietnam.

FLORA OF VIETNAM Convallariaceae Tupistra khangii sp.nov. Nghe An Prov., Ky Son Distr., Na Ngoi Municipality, eastern slopes of Phu Xai Lai Leng Mountain. Primary and secondary broad-leaved forest on steep mountain slopes composed of sandstone and gray shale at elevation 1300-1500 m a.s.l. around point 19°13’53.4’’N 104°12’09.7’’E. Terrestrial and lithophytic herb with leaves to 2 m long on very steep shady slopes along stream. Flowers white, fruits green to olive-green, 1-seeded. Very common at elevation 1300 m a.s.l. 26 October 2013 CPC 6344 Coll.: L.Averyanov, N.T.Hiep, N.S.Khang, L.M.Tuan, N.A.Trang, L.H.Dan

FLORA OF VIETNAM. Convallariaceae. Tupistra sp. Dien Bien Prov., Muong Cha Distr., Hua Ngai Municipality, Thien Pa Village, around point 21°52'27"N 103°09'45"E. Highly degraded primary evergreen broadleaved humid forest on very steep slopes of remnant mountains composed with solid limestone at elevation 1100-1300 m a.s.l. Terrestrial and lithophytic herb on very steep rocky shady mossy slope. Occasional. CPC 2084 08 April 2011. Coll.: L.Averyanov, P.K.Loc, N.Q.Hieu, N.T.Vinh.

Convallariaceae Tupistra fungilliformis Hoa Binh, Lac Tay, Phu Lao N.H. Tuan s.n. 2017

FLORA OF VIETNAM. Convallariaceae. Rohdea tonkinensis (Baill.) N.Tanaka. Hoa Binh Prov., Lac Son Distr., Tu Do Municipality, Mon village, around point 20°25'29"N 105°19'36"E. Primary broadleaved forest on steep rocky slopes of remnant mountain composed with solid crystalline highly eroded limestone at elevation about 500-700 m a.s.l. Terrestrial herb to 0.5 m tall in shady place. Flowers green to yellow. Locally common. CPC 1543 25 March 2011 Photos. Coll.: N.Q.Hieu, L.Averyanov, N.T.Hiep, P.K.Loc, P.V.The, N.T.Vinh, T.B.Ngan, N.Tap, D.D.Dao, V.T.Ha.

FLORA OF VIETNAM Tupistra patula Aver., N.Tanaka et K.S.Nguyen Ha Giang province, Quan Ba district, Tung Vai commune, Ban Thang village, secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest on rocky limestone mountain, under shaded places around point 23°03′18.8′′N, 104°52′51.6′′E, at elevation of 1100 m a.s.l. Terrestrial and lithophytic herb, flower white-purple. Not common. NSK 842 22 November 2016 Nguyen Sinh Khang, Nguyen Tien Hiep, Truong Quang Ngan d-EXSICCATES OF VIETNAMESE FLORA 0270/NSK 842 © N.S.Nguyen & L.Averyanov

FLORA OF LAOS Convallariaceae Tupistra albiflora K. Larsen Vientiane Prov., Vang Vieng Distr., Phol Xai village, about 8 km to the W of Vang Vieng town, Phar Poon Mt., around point 18°56’11.5”N 102°20’05.0”E. Dry broad-leaved primary and secondary evergreen forest on very steep rocky slopes and on vertical cliffs of remnant highly eroded rocky limestone mountains composed by solid crystalline limestone at elevation 300-900 m. Very common at elevation 700-800 m. LA-VN 431 15 March 2013 L. Averyanov et al. Flowered 6 Dec. 2017 LA-VN 431 / garden no 1300 d-EXSICCATES OF VIETNAMESE FLORA 0299/LA-VN 431 / 1300 © L.Averyanov

FLORA OF LAOS Convallariaceae Tupistra muricata (Gagnep.) N.Tanaka Houphan Prov., Hem Distr., Khon Ngua village, around point 19°55'53.2''N 103°16'24.2''E. Secondary broad-leaved evergreen open dry forest with bamboo on very steep rocky mountain slopes composed by solid marble like highly eroded limestone at elev. 700-950 m a.s.l. Terrestrial herb in shady steep rocky slope. Fruits dark dirty green with violet tint. Not rare. LA-VN 1484 15 April 2015 Living specimen Coll.: N.T.Hiep, L.Averyanov, N.S.Khang, N.Q.Hieu, T.Maisak, Pheng Phengsintham, Somchanh Bounphanmy.

FLARA OD LAOS Convallariaceae Tupistra muricata (Gagnep.) N.Tanaka’ Laos, Vientiane prov., Vang Vieng district, close vicinities of Vang Vien town, secondary degraded evergreen forest on steep slopes of small rocky stream (dry during rainless season) between remnant mountains composed with karstic highly eroded marble-like limestone at elevation at 300-400 m a.s.l. Terrestrial and lithophytic herb on very steep rocky shady stream slope. Not rare. AL 186 (3 living plants). 12 December 2015, L.Averyanov, T.Maisak, M.Nuraliev, N.Vislobokov. AL 186 Flowered in cult 20 January 2018. Flowers white, tepal apex light violet.

FLORA OF LAOS Convallariaceae Tupistra laotica N.Tanaka? Vientiane prov., Kasi distr., Si Sang Vone village, around point 19°06'10.9''N 102°10'46.1''E. Secondary broad-leaved evergreen dry forest on very steep rocky mountain slopes composed by solid marble like highly eroded limestone at elev. 600-700 m a.s.l. Terrestrial herb on steep shady rocky slope. Fruits glossy green. Locally common. LA-VN 1795 28 March 2017 Photos Coll.: L.Averyanov, N.T.Hiep, N.S.Khang, C.Q.Ngan, T.Maisak, Khamla Inkhavilay, Hongthong Southyvohanh, Pinmany Sisavath, Chanthala Cheuaysamphanh.

FLORA OF LAOS Convallariaceae Tupistra muricata (Gagnep.) N.Tanaka Xiangkhouang Prov., Kham Distr., Huad village, Phou tat Vinh mt., around point 19°32'31.6'N 103°39'40.4'E. Primary and secondary broad-leaved evergreen and semideciduous dry forest on very steep rocky slopes of limestone highly eroded mountains composed by solid marble like limestone at elev. 1200-1400 m a.s.l. Terrestrial herb on mountain slope. Locally very common. Fruits almost black. LA-VN 1041 4 April 2015. Coll.: N.T.Hiep, L.Averyanov, N.S.Khang, N.Q.Hieu, T.Maisak, Pheng Phengsintham. Living specimen: LA-VN 1041 / garden no 15171a, flowered 6 Dec. 2017 Coll. in garden in 6 Dec. 2017, by L. Averyanov, photos.

FLORA OF VIETNAM. Fam. Convallariaceae. Tupistra albiflora. N. Vietnam, Bac Can prov., Na Ri distr., Kim Hy municipality,. vicinities of Lung Hin Con village (N 22°17' E 106°03'), 27 km to 55°. of Bac Can city. Primary broadleaved evergreen dry closed forest on. very steep slopes of remnant karst limestone ridge at elev. 500-600 m. a.s.l. Lithophytic forb on shady rocks outcrops. Not rare. No NTH 3641   19 Oct. 1999. . Collectors: N.T. Hiep, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov.